Sizing device for machining operations



Aug. 10,1943. I H. A.- DUDGEON 2,326,339

SIZING DEVICE FOR MACHINING OPERATION S Filed March 31, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. A. DU DGEO'N 2,326,339

Aug. 10, 1943.

SIZING DEVICE FOR MACHINING OPERATIONS '5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 31,- 1941 34 as I 35 J 2 37 in Ll I I4 P i fizz/"71307 FIG. 3. ywvvadguw fly Y/JOJ-omv Aug. 10, 1943. H. A. DUDGEON SIZING DEVICE FOR MACHINING OPERATIONS Filed March 31, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Aug. 10, 1943. H. A. DUDGEON SIZING DEVICE FOR MACHINING OPERATIONS Filed Maroh 31', 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG. I3.

Aug. 10, 1943. H. A. DUDGEON 2,325,339

SIZING DEVICE FOR MACHINING OPERATIONS Filed March 51, 1941 5 Sheeis-Sheet 5 FIG. IO. FIG.

Patented Aug. 10, 1943 I "slime-pianos Fort MACHINING 4,f.,0PERATIONS flar'i'yiAllsopDjiidgeon, Kenilworth l jngland j v Application March s1,1941,-seria1$10,386,167 1f InGre'atBritain April 18 1 940 g This invention relates to the control of machining operations whenthe Work-piece hasbeen machinedto a, predetermined-size thereby effect-V ing considerable economies in time and material by the elimination of repeated gauging of "the work-piece, and the reduction inthe amount of scrappedwork. 4

The primary object of the invention is to enable the operator to determine, in advanceythe stage in a machining'operation when it is desired that the functions ofthe machine shall be auto matically'or Otherwise changed and/oranother I or others become operative. The functions re ferred to are such as stopping -ther'nachine, vary ing the speed of revolutions, orstoppingthe revolutions of the work or of the grinding wheeler other rotating tool, stopping or varying the rateor amount of the axial travel of the work or of the tool, stopping or varying the relative crossmovement of the work or of the tool, lightinga warning light, or ringing a bell, or other functions appropriate to machines of the kind referred to,

A further object of the invention is toenable In; one of its forms the; action;of adevice for the, pu po s."re edt i qody esth ibre ent inventionis --based.; on the principletha if; peripheriesof two-rollers are bliql htinto con. tact withe'achother with thejaxis of one of, theme at an angle to a plane'containingthe axis of the" j other and-the point of contact-between thefitwo t rollers, therev isva, tendency; iii-otherwiseyunre-k strained, ffor the rollers togmove axially; and in opposite directions to each otherd-whenlthey liev I volve; In such cases-the ,directioniof theg axial movement of each-roller ;wi-l1 dependupon' the "direction of their rotation and of theinclination ofg-theiri axestoeeach: other; The rate ofjaxial travel will be; 7 determined? by the, speed of f rota: tion'of each roller andt'he degree of inclination oftheirxaxes to eachiotherz' Zlfonejfof the rollers the operator of ad-grinding machine to determine,

'in advance of the grindingoperation,the-setting I .of a diamond trueing device in such a. position that the grinding wheel, after being truedlisin the correct ornea rlycorreot, position for finish grinding the work to a predetermined; size; This invention involvesthe provisioniinassof 'ciation' With a tool for performing ajmachining operation of a freely rotatable wheel (hereinafter referred to as the control wheel), and of means for setting the same so that the'toolmakescon tact with and rotates said wheel ata predetermined stagein the machiningjoperation. ffIhe position of the wheel in relation to the tool is determined, in advance of the machiningiopera- 'tio'n, so that when the work, has been machined] to size, the control wheel is, rotated and caused to make or break an electriecircuit, or to makeor' lbreal: one circuit and to complete or break one "or more other circuits, for the purposeof stopping i t i ven n. ishow a appl d t or changing any one 011111018 of the functions of I the machine, or otherwise indicating .that the operation is finished. In the case ofigrinding machines there may be associated with the means employed for setting the controlwheel a diamond for trueing the'grinding'wheel, the arrangement being such that the diamor'i'd can be nearly correctly located for finishing theivvork to the required size.

machining'operationi I I QInanotherJ form of. the. device: th rota Ional- -;movement only of the control;wheelfisirelied on; p I to; makejor' break an: electric :cijrcuitwfcontrolling I the operationof the-machine, or :some functioni l 't lis equally applicablerto case's whe eratio'ns, p

* F g re 1 is pat n 'achine' illustrating t Figure 2".- 1 g isyrestrained. from faxial. movementitheother "roller, "unrestrained," will move axially: .7 2O

the application of 'the 1 aforesaidi principle for thepurpos'es of the presentinvention the con-- itrol'wheel is axiallyunrestrained andifreely ro tatable and adjusted so that; immediatelyi.con.=-

tactfis'established betweenlit and another mov I able or moving, member which, per-forms; for 'is associated with [a' member: which :performs',1the J machining operation, the; control ,wheel'" to move axiallya'nd 'to'make o "'breakia electric V circuiticontrolling; :directly or ndirectly the;

{The p caitafaf the invent o 1n either fo m a e onfine t a es nvol n -1c ntaqtb weenh r-WW wheeleand nefi f r ta f ismembe made between thefcoiit a i a e ti e armdiwn, i In'order,that"the invention ma be cl "jderstoodjand readilyearried intoipractic [sheet I reierence', is mad in thelfollowing description" 7 to the accompanyi drawings 1 i111 .wliich: [the ior usfe in connection wit -Qf a im riia g fii e h 4 application of the cau'sed I device "125" would be indic'ated 5 .25". 7 s sarybecaus the graduations are reqllired toin- Y dicate di "meters, whereas the actual axial move- 1' Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line IVIV of Figure 2.

Figure 5 isga part-sectional front view of an v, alternative form "of the improved sizing device. 7

l Figure 6 is a plan view thereof.

Figure 10 is a sectional front view illustrating a further modification.

' 1 Figure 11 is a side view thereof. s Figure 12 is ardiagrammatic viewillustrating one application of the improved siz'ing device to a planing machine.

Figure 13 represents one way of markingthe' j control wheel. Y

According to oneconstruction embodying the present invention and-illustrated Figures 2, 3 and ifa -rnfeasuringinstrument, such as' .she Inicromete'r heajd il i's mounted in the upper end of anafrml and in'f-ront of' the' rotational axis a of the-work piece "4; Y The axis" of the micrometer is horizontal and at right angles to and at the same height-as the axis of the grinding wheel 5. l he said am '3'-is pivotedatits lower end in abase rneinb'er 'fipabout an axis parallel with the axis of the *m'icrometer. In the case of aninternal grinding machine in which, as shown in Figure the'grinding wheel 5 operates on'the rear surface ofthe hole in thework-piece 4,:the said base member 6 'is mounted upon a table "I- which carries the work-head 8- and'is 1- arranged for move ment 'towards andaway from the grinding wheel in the directions-' indicated by the double-headed arrow in-Figure 1 -'I he arrangement issuch that V f by slackening the hand n'utB thearm 3 carrying the micrometer headcan be swung, of the .way 3 during the .grindingroperation; The basemem her 6 is adjustable upon-the table in the. direction ortheaforesaidarrowfso that it canbesetnearer g s w V, p

' stopfifl is adapted tobearp B suitable adjustv .men

toior furtheraway from the freeend ofthe'workpiece asrequired. H For this purpose the underside of-the base member is formed with a groove B ef dovetailfsection adapted-to engage a correspondihglyshaped guidetonuthe table-l;

Thimicrometer isadju ted axially in the' arm 1 3and is' set so'that when the 'micrometer readin is at 'zero, the free end of its-spindlei is'exactly at the axis aJo'f 'the workfpieceg The graduations on the micrometer are arranged toread in a direction opposite'to the' usual an'diar'e such as to indicatetwice the movementof the spindlel' i. e. l

an actual axial movement-entire spindle of, say,

. merit of the spindle represent radii- Preferably mountedonfthe same pivot in the base member which'carri'es the micrometerarm a control wheel arm- IQ, thisjloeirig'onthe oppositej Side. Of the aiiisfa (if the I therefore, remote 'frointhe 'inicr m e lfl'i 'a axially sajestabiese'rewea spinaie 11, having its axis parallel with the pivqt atthe base oithe an u s et ner e fork 13 in the arm; "Ill is provided or theaxial V 'in the spindle, sliding in a keyway in the ai flp, eve ti. e .i he s d ev :irom rtat ne. .and a This-isneces-' iork pi'e'ce and, v eter." Carriedpy th'e-upper'end'of the'controlwhee adjustment. g V

Rotatably mounted on the 'front end of e spindle 'H is a. block 11,- one end of which is forked to receive a control Wheel l8. The control wheel is attached to a small spindle I9 mounted V so as tobe' free to turn and to move axially in the limbs oithe fork withit-s axisslightly inclined in front elevation to the axis of the grinding wheel while being parallel with'it in plan view. The

arrangement of the control wheel spindle is fur- 'ther such that the axis of the micrometer, in its -5 "operative position, passes through, or. near to, the Y ,"cefitrai plane of the control wheel normal to the axis. thereof, and' through the axis of the control wheel'spindle [9,,

The other end of the block'l'l carries a screwthreade'd'diamond holder 20 which is axially adjustable in the block. The hole in the block for the' diamond holder may be horizontal or inclinedin :any direction-but; :the point 22 Of the diamond should be in, or near' to, a vertical plane on ai i the iron pe iph r l ace f the :con-v trol -wheel I18. Thejblock is -pivotallyfrnounted n he cre e spindle l a out a s midway be en-t e. p n cf V the d am d and :the ax s of the control wheel, so that by rotating the block about its axis as indicated in Figure 5,

, either the control. wheel or the diamond .ican

be b u ht, p r i t ts rativ po t o These positions may be determined by thegfollo eei ea sc T esc ed -s e.. maybe provided with .a-fiange-ZS' having a stop 24 fixed in one face-neariits periphery. This stop projects 1 into a semi-annular recess a 25,; see Figure 4,

.iormed inthe rear 'iace of the black I concentricallywith theaxisof the screwed spindle l The circumferential length .of the recess is more than is requ iredto permit either the con ti ol wheel or-the diamond to be brought into its operative position. Ati each-end of the recess a hole is tapped 'to receive an adjnsting screw '25,

against: the inner end of 'eitherjof which the or these screws thefcontrol wheel and the ltive. p'olsitio'ns. l Any suitable means, such as the block inieither .of its two positions,

"handnutjl, may be employedior locking the E e-place at any predetermined stage in the grind g operatiomfaccording to the setting of thecontrol Wheel. ssue-11y, the control wheel will "be'set'fso as to becontacted. bythe "grinding v -WheeLWhen -the Work has been ground to the desired diam'eter. l In the specific arrangement shown in "Figures 2 'iand 3, the axial rnovement 'df th control .whe'elspindle is caused "to com- -.plete":an-telectric circuit .controlling the operatiqn-of the; machine, :or of some part thereof, '-s. uch*'a-s,v he 'rfee'd mechanism for the grinding wheel; or the' s'ai'd circuit may-paused to ring screw it, in thejarm bearing on the snindlqis 75 a b81101 light a lamp. 1 '..tliis2puip0se one of 'nd 'can be locatedin their desired: opera the machine from performin part.

a r "2,32 ,339? I, the limbs 2e ofthe-forked end-of the'b lock n the control Wheel spindle I9 is adaptedto bear whenmoved axially. Attached to thecontact plate is an outside bladespring 35 the free-end of which normally makes contact with a contact stud 36 mounted in a block 31 of insulating'ma terial secured .to the flange 23 on the screwed spindle. One of the leads of the electric circuit is attachedasshown in Figures 2 and'3,

to the said contact stud and the other lead to the control wheel I arm 101' Alternatively, the

axial movement of the control wheel. spindle may be employed to-break'anrelectric circuit controlling the operation of the machine or some particular function thereof, or'to make or break one circuit and to break or make another electrio circuit so as to; change the operation of performing another. v ,The' axialmovement of the control wheel and its spindle is limited by the limb 39 of the fork and means are provided to retain the control wheel in its inoperative axial position prior to making contact with the grinding wheel. For

this purpose a wire spring38lattached to:the s fork may be arranged to bear upon the periphone function y to I ery ofthe control wheel spindle. I9; as'shownin Figure 3; v

In use the sizing device above described-functions as-follows: Assuming it is clesired'to grind -a hole 1" in diameter, the micrometer head 2 and control Wheel I8, when in their'vertical positions, are adjusted sothat they aresas'near to the free end of the work Aas-is practicable, and'so that the control wheel during the traverse of the table l! of the machine passes across the rear periphery'of the grindingwheel, The micrometer is setto read 1 ,:whicl' i"'projects' the ireeend of its spindle /2" 'beyondthe axis-a, of the work-piece. control wheel is now adjusted by'means of the nut i2 on thescrewed spindlexl-Lrso'thatthe near periphery of the. control wheeljust touches the free end, of the micrometer spindlei -'Ihe' micrometer arm 3 can now be swung out of the' way and the control wheel armill: lockedfin its verticalposition by meansof the" hand nut Q. Grinding of the-hole can'now. be commenced during which the' automatic cross-feed of the grinding. wheel is controlledglbyl the electric cirl cuitof which the control wheel spindle :Yforms ieed of the grinding wheel." Alternatively; the

axial movement of. the control .wheel spindle The block ill carrying :the"

The said cross-feed continues until-the I grinding wheel 5 contacts with the control Wheel,

the'controlwheeliforviceiversa. fIf used wit h the control' wheel" the point of the diamond should be adjusted sothatyas aforesaid, it is slightly in front of a vertical plane containin'g the front" peripheral 'face otth'e control wheel;

so that' after trueing the'grinding wheel "and rotating the block to bring the controlwheelagain into commission, thegrinding wheel will still require a further cross movement'before' actually touchingthe control wheel.

Instead of mounting the spindle of :the control wheel withits axisinclinecl to the axis offthe grinding wheel, it may be arranged parallel Y therewith" in both elevation and plan: I Inthis case therewill, of course, be noaxial movement df'the control wheel 'and'spindlewhen the conv e l trol wheel makes contact with-l'thei grinding" wheel bfut-the control wheel will "still berotated.

In this case-the rotational movement of theconadapted,'wheni the controliwheel is revolved, to

make contactr with a control: lever l! fixedlto the s'pindle'of a tumhleru lz :occupyinga recess 43in the block. I One lenol l2l -I of the tumbler is i normally in contact tafterminal screw 3 carried by a plate 45 of insulating material. which closes the saidrecess; 1 Theother end-22 cf the tumbleris. adaptedlto make contact with a 'plug ll 01 insulating;material alsocarried by the "said cover plate.

contact with the "grinding whee l,,- the. pin til knocks over the:,-,tumb1er, 42; thereby breaking the electric circuitlcontrollingtheoperaticnof thefmachin'e or some partthe'reo rk The tumbler may be reset by'rnean's or the control lever ll required v o l For: the purposes of obtaining a very fine. ad-

justment of the -controlwheel-- ,.the spindleuifi thereof can, as shown'in Figuredgbe arranged i withits" axis at an angle to =thefaXis of the" grinding-wheel in plan view; I :The axial Y adjustmay be employed to complete a circuiiL InJa similar manner electric circuitsicontrolling -vari ous other functions hereinbefore referredto "can be operated. o The point 22 of the diamond calibe adjusted towards the micrometer either by rotating the diamond holderit inithe block-1 il'o'r, by adjusting .the'block onthe screwed-spindle ll loy 'meanscf thenut IZ; "The diamondca'n' be used for dressing the grinding wheel with or without ment of the control wheel may be, obtained by;

means of a rnicro rieter; screw fi'nlia'gainst the action fof a compression springs 54 I normally tendingto keepithejinner, face of the control wheel 58 closeup against the outer'end'of 'thevheaiing bush 152' in. the block ll. micrometer screw, which engages a tapped hole in" the block, i'srecessedand bears against the inner end of the control wheel spindle it so that, when rotated by turningthe knurled and call bratedlsleeverelatively to an index; mark 5 on the block H'avery fine adjustment pan befl 0btaine'd..The peripheral face: of. the control 1 wheel will in this-case be .--formed part or" a sphere having itsicentreiinthe axis of the spindle at the-mid-plane of the wheel. vI

In the'modificationshown in Figures lfijand ,ll, oneend of the spindle IQ of the controlwheel 7 i8 is provided with a collar 55 of some di-electric material,- such fasvulcanite. Let intot-he cumferential 'surface' of the collar is a metal" stud 5B whichisin metallic contactwith the" control :wheelspindle'a}; Pressingqagainst the cir- 1 cumferential surface of the'collari-is the freeend The arrangement :is v a a such that, whenithe control'lwheelz-isrotatedbyor the latter'rr ay be used to break, the circuit I independently oi' the' control wheel, as andwhen The inner end of the V of 'a flat metal spring 51; .thecther endofiwliicn is secured. to but insulated from theblcck 41.

v A wire which forms. part of an electric circuit a aeaaeea" is attached to the spring and anothen'wire form-r' ing partrof the same circuit is, attached to, the

said block. When. thBQfree end of; thespring 5] rests on the'vulcanite the.,electric circuit;is

incomplete, but when the control wheel is par tially rotated sothat the stud in the collar makes:

contact with thespring, the circuit. is closed to control anyonall of the functions of'the machine. Any desired number of colla rs,- studs, and

, springs maybe attached to the spindle l8 I The sizing devices herein described are, not limited in theirv application to machining opera-. tions in'whichthe relative movement between the tool and'the work-piece is of a rotational nature;v they'may beused, with equal advantage in cases where the said relative-movement is; of a,

rectilinear nature. For'example, as represented diagrammatically in Figure 12, the saidvdevice maybe used'in connection with planing opera-.

tions.,, In this case thecontrol wheel l8 may .be

- carried. by a block Il adaptedrfor attachment to thereciprocating table 58 of the-machine, said block and" controlwheel being adjusted; so that;

at apre-determined stage in the planing opera- I tion, the control wheel makes contactwith and is given a rotary-movement by the tool 59 to break an electric circuit controllingthefeed movement of the .tool, or .the operation, of any other function of the ma'chine,or .of a visible or audible signal. As an alternative to: using the control wheel as an electric switch'inany of'the ways above described, the controlwheelmay be used to give an ocular demonstration thatia pre-determined stage in the machining operation has. been reached. For'e'xample, as'indicated in Figure 13, the control wheel lB'may. bepainted in radial lines 6!! of one or more colours, or otherwise i marked, so that when revolved by contact with the: operatingtool the fact that the control wheel 7 is rotating can be readily seen and appropriate action taken by the operatorto stop thecrossfeed or other function of the machine.

'In order to prevent looseness between thecontrol wheel spindle l9 and its bearings in the 'forked end of the-block l1, and to. therebyimaintam-accuracy of the work, a spring-loaded pres. sure pad 6|, as shown in Figure 7, may bearranged to bear against the ."said spindle in a direction away from the grinding wheel The control wheel: may be madeof any. suitable material, such as steel, brass,'alumini um', rubber, 5;)

vulcanite, fibre or the like, and its periphery may be hardened-Where this is possible.

continue tofunction for long periodsof we use without replacements.

Sizing devices embodying this invention may continu be applied to other. than internal grinding or planing machines, such as externalcylindrical, V or surface grinding machines, and inall cases where it is desired to automatically start, arrest, a

or to. vary the machining operation when' the workpiecehasbeen machined to the required size. n

I claim: f

1. For the control of machining operationazthe combination with a' tool for performing said operations, of a freely. rotatable wheel arranged soqthat the operative sportionof the tool makes contact. with and rotates said wheel; at. a me.-

Being free to rotate the control wheel. is not subjecttoany appreciable wear so that the sizing device will determined stage .of .the :maohining operation, and; an electric switch arrangedfordirect opera; tion byfthe rotation .of said wheel and" adapted tomake and break an electric circuit controlling saidmachining operation. Y 2. For the control-"of machining operationathe combinationwith a tool for performing saidopere ations,.'of a freely rotatable control wheel arrangedto ibe rotatedjby the operative portion of said toolat .a pre-determined stage. in the V stagein the. machining operation,- and a switch arranged for direct operation by therotation of said wheel to'complete an electric circuit con-. trolling the operation of'said tool actuating means.

4. For the automatic control ofinternal grinding operations; .the combination with a rotatable grindingiwheel and with feed mechanism; therefor, of'a freely rotatablecontrol wheel adapted't'o be contacted and rotated 'by the operativepor- 7 tion of said; grinding wheel-at a pre-determined stage in the grinding operation, and a switch arrangedfor directoperation by the rotation of said control-wheel to break an electric circuit controlling theoperation ofsaid feed mechanism.

5'. For the automatic con'trolof internal grind ing operations; .the'combination with a rotatablegrinding wheel and with feed mechanism-therefor, of a control wheel, meansfor adjusting said wheel to.a position in which. the periphery thereof, is contacted by the. said grinding wheel at a predetermined stage in the grinding operation, a

freely rotatable and axially movable spindle fixed. [to said wheel and arranged with its axis parallel with the axisofthesaid. grinding wheel in elevation but inclinedth'ereto in plan view; and a switcharranged for direct operation by the axial movement of said spindleon rotation to coinplete an electric circuit controlling the operation ofsaidmachine. 3 7 V I 6. For theautomatiecontrol of grinding operations, thecombination with: the grinding wheel of an internal" grindingmachine', of a freely rotatable control wheel. adjustably mounted on said machine and adapted tozbe contacted androtated by. the operative portion. of said. grinding wheel at. a-predetermined stag in the grinding operation, means; for determining theposition of said control wheel with? respect to said grinding whee1,==and-a'switchflarranged. for direct operation-by the rotation of. said control wheel to completean electric vcircuitifor controlling the operationpf'said-grinding machine;

[75. Forithe automatic control of machining operations, the combination with a machine for performing .a; plurality. of machining operations, oiafreely rotatable wheel adjustably mounted f on said'machine and adapted to belrotated ata predetermined" stage in each operation; and a.

switch arranged for direct operation by the rotation of said control wheel. for breaking 'an. electrio: circuit controlling one operation. and com:-

pleting, another circuit controlling 1 another: operation. 1.3-.

2,326,339 fil r 8. For the automatic-control of machining 0p-- erations, the combination with a tool, for performing said operations, of a freely rotatabl'econtrolrwheel adapted, at a predeterminedstage in;

the machining operation, to mak contact with and to be rotated bythe operative jpcrtion of 7 said tool, an electric circuit controlling the machining operation, and electric contacts forming part of said circuit one of which is actuated direct a by the rotation of said wheel for making or breaking said circuit.

9. For the automatic control of grinding operations, the combination with a rotatable grind-v ing wheel and work-piece having relative axial movementof a freely rotatable control wheel arranged with its axis'p'arallel with the'axis of wheel-for breaking said circuit.

in the grinding operation for rotation by: direct 1 Q10; A device Offthe character and forthe pur poses described comprisingna supporting struc ture adapted for adjustment on a grinding ma- 1 chinehaving a rotatabl g'rinding wheel, a contrbl wheel mounted for freerotation on vsaid structure; and adapted at a predetermined stage contact with the abrading surface of said grindsaid grinding wheel'and adapted at a predeter mined .stagein the grinding operation to "make contact with and to be rotated by s'aidgrinding' wheelfanfelectric circuit controlling the feed I movementof saidgrinding wheel and a switch actuated direct by'the 'rotation of said control v 

